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Building a 120V AC Power Supply for 3V DC Output
Author： ZYG Power Module Time： 2023-4-25
Introduction
In this project, we will be designing a 120V AC power supply that will convert the high voltage AC input to a low voltage DC output of 3V. The power supply will be used to power small electronic devices that require a low voltage DC supply.
Design
The first step in designing the power supply is to select the components required for the circuit. We will be using a step-down transformer to reduce the high voltage AC input to a low voltage AC output. The AC output will then be rectified using diodes, and the resulting DC voltage will be filtered using capacitors to remove any residual AC ripple. Finally, the regulated DC voltage will be produced using a voltage regulator.
Transformer Selection
The transformer is the heart of the power supply and is responsible for converting the high voltage AC input to a low voltage AC output. The transformer should be chosen to match the AC input voltage and provide a suitable AC output voltage for rectification. For our power supply, we will be using a transformer with a primary voltage rating of 120V and a secondary voltage rating of 9V. This will give us an AC output voltage of 9V, which is suitable for rectification.
Rectification and Filtering
The AC output of the transformer will be rectified using a bridge rectifier circuit. The bridge rectifier circuit consists of four diodes placed in a bridge configuration, which converts the AC voltage to a pulsating DC voltage. The pulsating DC voltage is then filtered using a capacitor to remove any residual AC ripple. The capacitor should be chosen to match the output voltage and current requirements of the power supply. For our power supply, we will be using a capacitor with a capacitance of 470uF and a voltage rating of 16V.
Voltage Regulation
The final stage of the power supply is voltage regulation. The voltage regulator is responsible for maintaining a constant output voltage, regardless of any changes in the input voltage, load current, or temperature. There are many types of voltage regulators available, including linear regulators, switching regulators, and adjustable regulators. For our power supply, we will be using a 3V linear regulator.
Conclusion
In conclusion, we have designed a 120V AC power supply that will convert the high voltage AC input to a low voltage DC output of 3V. The power supply is designed using a step-down transformer, a bridge rectifier circuit, a capacitor, and a voltage regulator. The completed power supply can be used to power small electronic devices that require a low voltage DC supply.
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